The Rapid Growth of Genetically Engineered Crops in the US

In recent decades, genetically engineered (GE) crops have become increasingly prevalent in the United States. One of the key drivers of this growth has been the development of insect-resistant seeds, particularly those containing the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) gene.

From 1997 to 2001, cotton acreage planted with Bt seeds increased from 15% to 37%, while corn acreage grew from approximately 8% to 19%. By 2023, a staggering 85% of domestic corn acres were planted with HT seeds. The adoption rate for HT corn was relatively slow initially but accelerated after the turn of the century.

Cotton also saw significant growth in the use of insect-resistant seeds. In 1997, only about 10% of cotton acreage was planted with HT seeds, but by 2001 this number had jumped to 56%. By 2023, a remarkable 95% of cotton acres were planted with these seeds.

The rapid adoption of GE crops can be attributed to their ability to provide farmers with effective weed control options. Herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops, which allow for the use of potent herbicides like glyphosate and dicamba, have become particularly popular.

While other traits such as virus and fungus resistance, drought tolerance, and enhanced protein and oil content have been developed, HT and Bt traits remain the most widely used in US GE crops. The majority of these crops are grown from three major field crops: corn, cotton, and soybeans.

The commercial introduction of GE seeds for major field crops in 1996 marked the beginning of this growth trend, with adoption rates increasing rapidly over the following years. Today, the use of GE crops continues to play a significant role in US agriculture, offering farmers valuable tools for managing pests and weeds while also improving crop yields and reducing environmental impact.

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